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Bangladesh

Southern AsiaLower middle income169.8M

CO\u2082 per capita

0.7t CO\u2082e

World Bank WDI (2023)

GDP

$433B($2.6k/capita)

World Bank (2023)

Renewable electricity

1.6%

-0.1pp (5yr)

Ember (2023)

Vulnerability

0.569ND-GAIN index

ND-GAIN (2022)

  • CO₂ at 0.7t per capita — low by global standards
  • Renewable electricity at 1.6%, down 0.1pp over 5 years
  • Climate vulnerability: high risk (ND-GAIN 0.569)
00.30.60.91.21.5200020042008201220162020t CO₂e/capitaParis 20150.7t43% gap

Bangladesh

0t

CO₂ per capita, 2023

CO₂/capita0.7t
Renewable1.6%
Decoupling-3.34

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Emissions Trajectory

Emissions are shifting. But is it enough?

Pre-Paris (2000-2014)

Bangladesh's emissions grew at +6.52%/yr. The long-term CAGR (2000-2023) was +5.55%/yr.

Post-Paris, the rate shifted to +3.28%/yr — a -3.16pp shift. Per capita emissions reached 0.7t in 2023.

Bangladesh — CO₂ per capita (2000-2023)

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID Consumption

Production-basedConsumption-based
00.30.60.91.21.5200020042008201220162020t CO₂e/capitaParis 20150.7t43% gap

Post-Paris Shift

This ranks 2nd largest deceleration among tracked countries. Overall change since 2000: +246.1%.

Pre-Paris vs Post-Paris CAGR

Key Comparison

Loading comparison data…

Source: World Bank WDI

World Bank vs Climate TRACE

CO₂ per capita comparison

World Bank (WDI)Climate TRACE
120150201520162017201820192020202120222023t CO₂e/capita

Source: World Bank WDI vs Climate TRACE v7

Fossil Fuel Mix

Fossil fuels still make up 98.4% of the electricity mix. In 2023, Gas was the dominant source at 57.6 Mt CO₂.

Fossil CO₂ by Fuel Type

Source: Our World in Data

CoalOilGasCementFlaring
0306090120150200020042008201220162020Mt CO₂

Energy Transition

The energy transition is underway.

Renewables Progress

1.6% of electricity comes from renewables. That is -0.1pp over 5 years. Fossil fuels still make up 98.4%.

Carbon intensity: 676 gCO₂/kWh. Renewable transition ranks 6th.

Electricity Generation Mix (2023)

Source: Ember Global Electricity Review (2023)

Bangladesh — Energy Flow 2023Electricity generation mix · carbon outputINPUTGRIDOUTPUT98%Fossil98.4%Renewable1.6%ElectricityCO2 Output98.4%Clean Output1.6%Source: Ember Global Electricity Review 2023 | visualclimate.org

1.6%

Renewable Share

-0.1pp over 5yr

98.4%

Fossil Fuel Share

0.0%

Nuclear & Other

676

gCO₂/kWh

High-carbon

Economic Decoupling

Is GDP growth decoupled from emissions growth?

Decoupling Score

Score: -3.34. Bangladesh shows strong decoupling. GDP grew faster than emissions by +6.08pp/yr since 2015 (2nd among tracked countries).

GDP vs CO₂ Growth

Indexed to 2000=100

Decoupling
GDP per capitaCO₂ per capitaCarbon Intensity of GDP
2004006008001000200020042008201220162020Index (2000=100)500346

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID CO₂/GDP

1.9 Gt

Cumulative CO₂

Total since 1850

0.10%

Share of global

Cumulative share since 1850

0.006°C

Warming caused

by this country

Gas Breakdown

CO₂ dominates the warming contribution, followed by methane. N₂O contribution is relatively small. Total warming contribution: 0.006°C.

Temperature Contribution by Gas

Source: Our World in Data

CO₂0.002°C (31%)
CH₄0.004°C (57%)
N₂O0.001°C (12%)

234.7 Mt

Total GHG

All greenhouse gases

1.4

tCO₂e/capita

Total GHG per person

2nd

Global rank

Largest deceleration

Methane & Nitrous Oxide

Source: Our World in Data

Methane (left axis)Nitrous Oxide (right axis)
03060901201500714212835200020042008201220162020CH₄ MtN₂O Mt

Climate Vulnerability & Resilience

How prepared is Bangladesh?

Readiness & Vulnerability

Bangladesh ranks 19th in climate readiness (score: 0.279). Vulnerability stands at 0.568 reflecting significant climate exposure.

high risk. 방글라데시는 기후변화에 가장 취약한 국가 중 하나로, ND-GAIN 취약성 지수 0.568(6개 파일럿 국가 중 최고)을 기록하고 있습니다. 벵골만 연안 저지대에 위치한 지형적 특성상 해수면 상승과 사이클론, 홍수 피해가 극심하며, 전체 인구의 상당 부분이 침수 위험 지역에 거주합니다. 에너지 믹스에서 화석연료 비중이 98.4%에 달하고 재생에너지는 1.6%에 불과해 에너지 전환이 매우 지연된 상태입니다. 대기오염(PM2.5 42.4 µg/m³)은 WHO 권고 기준을 8배 이상 초과하며 공중보건에 심각한 위협을 가합니다. 준비도 지수 0.28은 6개국 중 최저로, 기후 적응을 위한 제도적·재정적 역량이 극히 부족합니다. 1인당 CO2 배출량은 0.69 mt로 낮지만, GDP 성장과 함께 산업화가 가속되면서 배출량이 증가 추세입니다. 기후 재원 확보, 조기경보 시스템 강화, 재생에너지 인프라 투자가 시급히 필요한 국가입니다. Fossil fuel dependency (98.4%) remains a key driver.

Vulnerability vs Readiness

Source: ND-GAIN Country Index 2023

0.2830.440.5970.240.4990.758Vulnerability →Readiness →Bangladesh

Key Vulnerabilities

  • 극단적인 홍수 및 해수면 상승 위험 (연안 저지대 인구 노출)
  • 식량 안보 취약성 (농업용 담수 부족 심화 예상)
  • 높은 대기오염 수준 (PM2.5 42.4 µg/m³, WHO 기준 8배 초과)
  • 에너지 전환 지연 (화석연료 의존도 98.4%, 재생에너지 1.6%)
  • 낮은 적응 역량 (ND-GAIN 준비도 0.28, 최하위권)

Strengths

  • GDP 대비 탄소 집약도 지속 개선 (0.327 → 0.272 kg CO2/USD)
  • 경제 성장 지속 (GDP 1인당 1,965 → 2,551 USD, 30% 증가)
  • 삼림 면적 소폭 증가 (14.47% → 14.49%)

Key Takeaways

Bangladesh at a glance

Emissions

CO₂/capita: 0.7t. Post-Paris trend: +3.28%/yr.

Diagnosis

Renewable: 1.6%

Fossil: 98.4%

Decoupling: -3.34.

Outlook

Vulnerability: 0.568. Readiness: 0.279. high risk.

Data Sources

All data for Bangladesh sourced from World Bank WDI, Ember, ND-GAIN, Our World in Data, and Climate TRACE (2000-2023).

View detailed source list
WDIWorld Bank World Development Indicators -- CO₂/capita (EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5), GDP/capita, forest area, energy use, PM2.5
EmberEmber Global Electricity Review -- Renewable %, fossil %, carbon intensity (gCO₂/kWh)
ND-GAINNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative -- Vulnerability index, readiness index
OWIDOur World in Data -- Consumption CO₂, fuel breakdown, cumulative CO₂, temperature contribution, methane, N₂O, total GHG
CTRACEClimate TRACE v7 -- Satellite-based sector emissions (power, transport, manufacturing, agriculture, etc.)

Data Sources

Derived Indicators — Methodology

Carbon Intensity of GDP (DERIVED.CO2_PER_GDP)

CO₂_per_capita ÷ GDP_per_capita × 1,000

Unit: tCO₂ per $1,000 GDP. Lower = cleaner economy. 2023 range: DEU 0.13 → KOR 0.32.

Decoupling Index (DERIVED.DECOUPLING)

GDP_growth_rate(%) − CO₂_growth_rate(%)

Unit: percentage points. Positive = economy growing faster than emissions.

Energy Transition Momentum (DERIVED.ENERGY_TRANSITION)

RENEWABLE_PCT(t) − RENEWABLE_PCT(t−5)

Unit: pp over 5 years. 2023: DEU +19.2pp, BRA +6.6pp, USA +5.2pp, KOR +4.9pp.

Emissions (5)
IndicatorSourceYears
Carbon intensity of GDPDerived: EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 / NY.GDP.PCAP.CD * 10002000–2023
Emissions intensityderived2000–2023
CO2 per capitaWorld Bank WDI2000–2023
Decoupling indexDerived: GDP growth% - CO2 growth%2001–2023
Total GHG (absolute)Climate TRACE2015–2023
Energy (5)
IndicatorSourceYears
Fossil electricity %Ember/OWID2000–2023
Carbon intensityEmber/OWID2000–2022
Renewable electricity %Ember/OWID2000–2023
Energy use per capitaWorld Bank WDI2000–2022
Energy transition momentumDerived: EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t) - EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t-5)2005–2022
Economy (1)
IndicatorSourceYears
GDP per capitaWorld Bank WDI2000–2023
Climate Risk (4)
IndicatorSourceYears
ND-GAIN VulnerabilityND-GAIN2000–2022
Forest areaWorld Bank WDI2000–2022
PM2.5 air pollutionWorld Bank WDI2000–2020
ND-GAIN ReadinessND-GAIN2000–2023
Derived (29)
IndicatorSourceYears
OWID.OIL_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDEOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CEMENT_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_GDPOWID CO22000–2022
SP.POP.TOTLWorld Bank WDI2000–2023
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.GHG_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.GAS_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_N2OOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.METHANE_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2022
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.FLARING_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHGOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_GDPOWID CO22000–2022
OWID.METHANEOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CO2OWID CO22000–2022
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CH4OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2_INCLUDING_LUCOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CUMULATIVE_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_GHGOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG_EXCLUDING_LUCFOWID CO22000–2022
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CUMULATIVE_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.COAL_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
DERIVED.CLIMATE_CLASSVisualClimate derived2023–2023