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Bangladesh

High Risk

Southern Asia · Lower middle income · Pop. 169,828,911

ND-GAIN Vulnerability: 0.569 (2022)

CO2 per capita

0.69t CO2e

Source: World Bank WDI (2023)

GDP

$433B($2.6k/capita)

Source: World Bank (2023)

Renewable electricity

1.6%

↓ -0.1pp (5yr)

Source: Ember (2023)

Vulnerability

0.569ND-GAIN index

Source: ND-GAIN (2022)

Emissions Trajectory

Bangladesh — CO₂ per capita (2000–2023)

Production-based
00.20.40.60.81200020042008201220162020t CO₂e/capitaParis0.7t

Source: World Bank WDI · EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5

World Bank vs Climate TRACE (indexed)

WB CO₂/capitaClimate TRACE GHG
120150201520162017201820192020202120222023Index (2015=100)

Source: World Bank WDI + Climate TRACE (indexed, 2015=100)

Bangladesh's emissions grew at +6.52%/yr pre-Paris (2000–2014), then +3.28%/yr post-Paris (2015–2023) — a -3.16pp shift. This ranks 2nd largest deceleration among tracked countries. Per capita emissions reached 0.7 t in 2023 (+246.1% vs 2000).

Pre-Paris vs Post-Paris CAGR

Pre-Paris vs Post-Paris Emissions GrowthCO₂ per capita CAGR (%) — 20 countriesPre-Paris (2000–2014)Post-Paris (2015–2023)-4%-3%-2%-1%+1%+2%+3%+4%+5%+6%+7%0%South Korea +1.62%-1.25% KORUnited States -1.74%-1.87% USAGermany -1.48%-2.41% DEUBrazil +2.08%+0.85% BRANigeria +3.92%+2.15% NGABangladesh +6.52%+3.28% BGD-3.24ppDeceleration (post < pre)Acceleration (post > pre)Faded = non-pilotvisualclimate.org

Source: World Bank WDI · EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5

Energy Transition

Electricity Generation Mix (2023)

Bangladesh — Energy Flow 2023Electricity generation mix · carbon outputINPUTGRIDOUTPUT98%Fossil98.4%Renewable1.6%ElectricityCO2 Output98.4%Clean Output1.6%Source: Ember Global Electricity Review 2023 | visualclimate.org
Donut view
98%Fossil98%
  • Renewable1.6%
  • Fossil98.4%
  • Nuclear & Other0.0%

Source: Ember Global Electricity Review (2023)

Transition Progress

Renewable Share

1.6%

↓ -0.1pp over 5 years

Fossil Fuel Share

98.4%

Nuclear & Other

0.0%

Bangladesh's renewable share (1.6%) ranks 6th in the group, adding -0.1pp over 5 years. The group leader (Germany) reached 54.4% renewable.

Economic Decoupling

GDP vs CO₂ Growth

GDP per capitaCO₂ per capita
Decoupling Score: +-3.34
2004006008001000200020042008201220162020Index (2000=100)643346

Source: World Bank WDI (GDP + CO₂ per capita), indexed to 2000=100

Bangladesh shows strong decoupling. GDP grew faster than emissions by +6.08pp/yr since 2015 (2nd among tracked countries). The divergence between green (GDP) and red (CO₂) lines shows economic growth is increasingly less carbon-intensive.

Climate Vulnerability

Vulnerability vs Readiness (Pilot Countries, 2023)

0.2710.4480.6250.2220.5010.78Vulnerability →Readiness →South KoreaUnited StatesGermanyBrazilNigeriaBangladesh

Source: ND-GAIN Country Index (2023). Lower-left = ideal (low vulnerability, high readiness)

Bangladesh ranks 5th in climate readiness (score: 0.279) among pilot countries. Vulnerability stands at 0.568 — in the higher range, reflecting significant climate exposure. Fossil fuel dependency (98.4%) remains a key driver.

Key Vulnerabilities

  • ▸극단적인 홍수 및 해수면 상승 위험 (연안 저지대 인구 노출)
  • ▸식량 안보 취약성 (농업용 담수 부족 심화 예상)
  • ▸높은 대기오염 수준 (PM2.5 42.4 µg/m³, WHO 기준 8배 초과)
  • ▸에너지 전환 지연 (화석연료 의존도 98.4%, 재생에너지 1.6%)
  • ▸낮은 적응 역량 (ND-GAIN 준비도 0.28, 최하위권)

Strengths

  • ▸GDP 대비 탄소 집약도 지속 개선 (0.327 → 0.272 kg CO2/USD)
  • ▸경제 성장 지속 (GDP 1인당 1,965 → 2,551 USD, 30% 증가)
  • ▸삼림 면적 소폭 증가 (14.47% → 14.49%)
Assessment (high risk): 방글라데시는 기후변화에 가장 취약한 국가 중 하나로, ND-GAIN 취약성 지수 0.568(6개 파일럿 국가 중 최고)을 기록하고 있습니다. 벵골만 연안 저지대에 위치한 지형적 특성상 해수면 상승과 사이클론, 홍수 피해가 극심하며, 전체 인구의 상당 부분이 침수 위험 지역에 거주합니다. 에너지 믹스에서 화석연료 비중이 98.4%에 달하고 재생에너지는 1.6%에 불과해 에너지 전환이 매우 지연된 상태입니다. 대기오염(PM2.5 42.4 µg/m³)은 WHO 권고 기준을 8배 이상 초과하며 공중보건에 심각한 위협을 가합니다. 준비도 지수 0.28은 6개국 중 최저로, 기후 적응을 위한 제도적·재정적 역량이 극히 부족합니다. 1인당 CO2 배출량은 0.69 mt로 낮지만, GDP 성장과 함께 산업화가 가속되면서 배출량이 증가 추세입니다. 기후 재원 확보, 조기경보 시스템 강화, 재생에너지 인프라 투자가 시급히 필요한 국가입니다.

Data Sources

Emissions (5)
IndicatorSourceYears
Carbon intensity of GDPDerived: EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 / NY.GDP.PCAP.CD * 10002000–2023
Emissions intensityderived2000–2023
CO2 per capitaWorld Bank WDI2000–2023
Decoupling indexDerived: GDP growth% - CO2 growth%2001–2023
Total GHG (absolute)Climate TRACE2015–2023
Energy (5)
IndicatorSourceYears
Fossil electricity %Ember/OWID2000–2023
Carbon intensityEmber/OWID2000–2022
Renewable electricity %Ember/OWID2000–2023
Energy use per capitaWorld Bank WDI2000–2022
Energy transition momentumDerived: EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t) - EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t-5)2005–2022
Economy (1)
IndicatorSourceYears
GDP per capitaWorld Bank WDI2000–2023
Climate Risk (4)
IndicatorSourceYears
ND-GAIN VulnerabilityND-GAIN2000–2022
Forest areaWorld Bank WDI2000–2022
PM2.5 air pollutionWorld Bank WDI2000–2020
ND-GAIN ReadinessND-GAIN2000–2023
Derived (29)
IndicatorSourceYears
OWID.OIL_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDEOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CEMENT_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_GDPOWID CO22000–2022
SP.POP.TOTLWorld Bank WDI2000–2023
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.GHG_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.GAS_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_N2OOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.METHANE_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2022
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2_PER_CAPITAOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.FLARING_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHGOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_GDPOWID CO22000–2022
OWID.METHANEOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CO2OWID CO22000–2022
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CH4OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CO2_INCLUDING_LUCOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.CUMULATIVE_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_GHGOWID CO22000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG_EXCLUDING_LUCFOWID CO22000–2022
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CUMULATIVE_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
OWID.COAL_CO2OWID CO22000–2023
DERIVED.CLIMATE_CLASSVisualClimate derived2023–2023
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