Brazil

South AmericaUpper middle income213.4M

CO\u2082 per capita

2.3t CO\u2082e

World Bank WDI (2023)

GDP

$2.21T($10.4k/capita)

World Bank (2023)

Renewable electricity

88.9%

↑ +6.6pp (5yr)

Ember (2023)

Vulnerability

0.368ND-GAIN index

ND-GAIN (2022)

CO₂ at 2.3t per capita — moderate by global standards
Renewable electricity at 88.9%, up 6.6pp over 5 years
Climate vulnerability: medium risk (ND-GAIN 0.368)

Brazil

CO₂ per capita, 2023

CO₂/capita2.3t

Renewable88.9%

Decoupling+12.01

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Emissions Trajectory

Emissions are shifting. But is it enough?

Pre-Paris (2000-2014)

Brazil's emissions grew at +2.22%/yr. The long-term CAGR (2000-2023) was +0.54%/yr.

Post-Paris, the rate shifted to -1.51%/yr — a -3.66pp shift. Per capita emissions reached 2.3t in 2023.

Brazil — CO₂ per capita (2000-2023)

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID Consumption

Production-basedConsumption-based

Post-Paris Shift

This ranks 1st largest deceleration among tracked countries. Overall change since 2000: +13.3%.

Pre-Paris vs Post-Paris CAGR

Key Comparison

Loading comparison data…

Source: World Bank WDI

World Bank vs Climate TRACE

CO₂ per capita comparison

World Bank (WDI)Climate TRACE

Source: World Bank WDI vs Climate TRACE v7

Fossil Fuel Mix

Fossil fuels still make up 9.0% of the electricity mix. In 2023, Oil was the dominant source at 323.3 Mt CO₂.

Fossil CO₂ by Fuel Type

Source: Our World in Data

CoalOilGasCementFlaring

Energy Transition

The energy transition is underway.

Renewables Progress

88.9% of electricity comes from renewables. That is +6.6pp over 5 years. Fossil fuels still make up 9.0%.

Carbon intensity: 103 gCO₂/kWh. Renewable transition ranks 2nd.

Electricity Generation Mix (2023)

Source: Ember Global Electricity Review (2023)

88.9%

Renewable Share

+6.6pp over 5yr

9.0%

Fossil Fuel Share

2.0%

Nuclear & Other

103

gCO₂/kWh

Moderate

Economic Decoupling

Is GDP growth decoupled from emissions growth?

Decoupling Score

Score: +12.01. Brazil shows moderate decoupling. GDP grew faster than emissions by +1.22pp/yr since 2015 (5th among tracked countries).

GDP vs CO₂ Growth

Indexed to 2000=100

Decoupling

GDP per capitaCO₂ per capitaCarbon Intensity of GDP

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID CO₂/GDP

17.7 Gt

Cumulative CO₂

Total since 1850

0.98%

Share of global

Cumulative share since 1850

0.087°C

Warming caused

by this country

Gas Breakdown

CO₂ dominates the warming contribution, followed by methane. N₂O contribution is relatively small. Total warming contribution: 0.087°C.

Temperature Contribution by Gas

Source: Our World in Data

CO₂0.060°C (69%)

CH₄0.023°C (27%)

N₂O0.004°C (4%)

2.82 Gt

Total GHG

All greenhouse gases

13.3

tCO₂e/capita

Total GHG per person

1st

Global rank

Largest deceleration

Methane & Nitrous Oxide

Source: Our World in Data

Methane (left axis)Nitrous Oxide (right axis)

Climate Vulnerability & Resilience

How prepared is Brazil?

Readiness & Vulnerability

Brazil ranks 17th in climate readiness (score: 0.350). Vulnerability stands at 0.369 — indicating moderate climate exposure.

medium risk. 브라질은 세계 최대 열대우림인 아마존을 보유한 국가로, 기후변화 완화와 적응 양면에서 중요한 위치를 차지합니다. 전력 생산의 88.99%가 재생에너지(주로 수력발전)에서 공급되며, 전력 탄소 집약도(96.3 gCO2/kWh)는 세계 최저 수준으로 에너지 전환 분야의 강점을 보입니다. 그러나 산림 벌채가 지속되면서 삼림 면적이 2018년 59.7%에서 2023년 58.98%로 감소하였고, 이는 생태계 서비스 손실과 탄소 흡수원 약화로 이어집니다. ND-GAIN 취약성 지수 0.37은 중간 수준으로, 기후 리스크가 완전히 낮지는 않습니다. 수자원 스트레스와 아마존 지역의 강수 패턴 변화는 농업과 수력발전 모두에 위협입니다. GDP 대비 탄소 집약도는 꾸준히 개선(0.246 → 0.219)되고 있으며, 탈동조화(decoupling) 지수도 양수로 전환되어 경제성장과 탄소 배출 분리가 진행 중입니다. Fossil fuel dependency (9.0%) remains a key driver.

Vulnerability vs Readiness

Source: ND-GAIN Country Index 2023

Key Vulnerabilities

▸산림 벌채 지속 (삼림 면적 59.7% → 58.98%, LULUCF 배출 증가)
▸수자원 스트레스 및 극단적 가뭄 위험 (아마존 유역 강수 패턴 변화)
▸농업 생산성 위협 (세라도 지역 기온 상승 및 건조화)
▸기후 적응 준비도 중간 수준 (ND-GAIN 준비도 0.35)

Strengths

▸세계 최고 수준의 재생에너지 전력 믹스 (88.99%, 주로 수력)
▸탄소 집약도 대폭 개선 (전력 그리드 96.3 gCO2/kWh, 세계 최저 수준)
▸1인당 CO2 배출량 안정적 유지 (2.27 mt, 소폭 감소)

Key Takeaways

Brazil at a glance

Emissions

CO₂/capita: 2.3t. Post-Paris trend: -1.51%/yr.

Diagnosis

Renewable: 88.9%

Fossil: 9.0%

Decoupling: +12.01.

Outlook

Vulnerability: 0.369. Readiness: 0.350. medium risk.

Data Sources

All data for Brazil sourced from World Bank WDI, Ember, ND-GAIN, Our World in Data, and Climate TRACE (2000-2023).

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WDIWorld Bank World Development Indicators -- CO₂/capita (EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5), GDP/capita, forest area, energy use, PM2.5

EmberEmber Global Electricity Review -- Renewable %, fossil %, carbon intensity (gCO₂/kWh)

ND-GAINNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative -- Vulnerability index, readiness index

OWIDOur World in Data -- Consumption CO₂, fuel breakdown, cumulative CO₂, temperature contribution, methane, N₂O, total GHG

CTRACEClimate TRACE v7 -- Satellite-based sector emissions (power, transport, manufacturing, agriculture, etc.)

View all countries

Data Sources

Derived Indicators — Methodology

Carbon Intensity of GDP (DERIVED.CO2_PER_GDP)

CO₂_per_capita ÷ GDP_per_capita × 1,000

Unit: tCO₂ per $1,000 GDP. Lower = cleaner economy. 2023 range: DEU 0.13 → KOR 0.32.

Decoupling Index (DERIVED.DECOUPLING)

GDP_growth_rate(%) − CO₂_growth_rate(%)

Unit: percentage points. Positive = economy growing faster than emissions.

Energy Transition Momentum (DERIVED.ENERGY_TRANSITION)

RENEWABLE_PCT(t) − RENEWABLE_PCT(t−5)

Unit: pp over 5 years. 2023: DEU +19.2pp, BRA +6.6pp, USA +5.2pp, KOR +4.9pp.

Emissions (5)

Indicator	Source	Years
Carbon intensity of GDP	Derived: EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 / NY.GDP.PCAP.CD * 1000	2000–2023
Emissions intensity	derived	2000–2023
CO2 per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
Decoupling index	Derived: GDP growth% - CO2 growth%	2001–2023
Total GHG (absolute)	Climate TRACE	2015–2023

Energy (5)

Indicator	Source	Years
Fossil electricity %	Ember/OWID	2000–2023
Carbon intensity	Ember/OWID	2000–2022
Renewable electricity %	Ember/OWID	2000–2023
Energy use per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
Energy transition momentum	Derived: EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t) - EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t-5)	2005–2022

Economy (1)

Indicator	Source	Years
GDP per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023

Climate Risk (4)

Indicator	Source	Years
ND-GAIN Vulnerability	ND-GAIN	2000–2022
Forest area	World Bank WDI	2000–2022
PM2.5 air pollution	World Bank WDI	2000–2020
ND-GAIN Readiness	ND-GAIN	2000–2023

Derived (29)

Indicator	Source	Years
OWID.OIL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CEMENT_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_GDP	OWID CO2	2000–2022
SP.POP.TOTL	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.GHG_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.GAS_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_N2O	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.METHANE_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.FLARING_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_GDP	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.METHANE	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CH4	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_INCLUDING_LUC	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CUMULATIVE_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_GHG	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG_EXCLUDING_LUCF	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CUMULATIVE_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.COAL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
DERIVED.CLIMATE_CLASS	VisualClimate derived	2023–2023

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