Germany

Western EuropeHigh income83.5M

CO\u2082 per capita

7.1t CO\u2082e

World Bank WDI (2023)

GDP

$4.57T($54.8k/capita)

World Bank (2023)

Renewable electricity

53.3%

↑ +18.0pp (5yr)

Ember (2023)

Vulnerability

0.301ND-GAIN index

ND-GAIN (2022)

CO₂ at 7.1t per capita — above average by global standards
Renewable electricity at 53.3%, up 18.0pp over 5 years
Climate vulnerability: low risk (ND-GAIN 0.301)

Germany

CO₂ per capita, 2023

CO₂/capita7.1t

Renewable53.3%

Decoupling+18.97

Scroll to see the full story

Emissions Trajectory

Emissions are shifting. But is it enough?

Pre-Paris (2000-2014)

Germany's emissions grew at -0.69%/yr. The long-term CAGR (2000-2023) was -1.74%/yr.

Post-Paris, the rate shifted to -3.75%/yr — a -3.00pp shift. Per capita emissions reached 7.1t in 2023.

Germany — CO₂ per capita (2000-2023)

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID Consumption

Production-basedConsumption-based

Post-Paris Shift

This ranks 3rd largest deceleration among tracked countries. Overall change since 2000: -33.2%.

Pre-Paris vs Post-Paris CAGR

Key Comparison

Loading comparison data…

Source: World Bank WDI

World Bank vs Climate TRACE

CO₂ per capita comparison

World Bank (WDI)Climate TRACE

Source: World Bank WDI vs Climate TRACE v7

Fossil Fuel Mix

Fossil fuels still make up 45.3% of the electricity mix. In 2023, Oil was the dominant source at 237.5 Mt CO₂.

Fossil CO₂ by Fuel Type

Source: Our World in Data

CoalOilGasCementFlaring

Energy Transition

The energy transition is underway.

Renewables Progress

53.3% of electricity comes from renewables. That is +18.0pp over 5 years. Fossil fuels still make up 45.3%.

Carbon intensity: 420 gCO₂/kWh. Renewable transition ranks 1st.

Electricity Generation Mix (2023)

Source: Ember Global Electricity Review (2023)

53.3%

Renewable Share

+18.0pp over 5yr

45.3%

Fossil Fuel Share

1.5%

Nuclear & Other

420

gCO₂/kWh

High-carbon

Economic Decoupling

Is GDP growth decoupled from emissions growth?

Decoupling Score

Score: +18.97. Germany shows strong decoupling. GDP grew faster than emissions by +4.78pp/yr since 2015 (3rd among tracked countries).

GDP vs CO₂ Growth

Indexed to 2000=100

Decoupling

GDP per capitaCO₂ per capitaCarbon Intensity of GDP

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID CO₂/GDP

94.6 Gt

Cumulative CO₂

Total since 1850

5.22%

Share of global

Cumulative share since 1850

0.049°C

Warming caused

by this country

Gas Breakdown

CO₂ dominates the warming contribution, followed by methane. N₂O contribution is relatively small. Total warming contribution: 0.049°C.

Temperature Contribution by Gas

Source: Our World in Data

CO₂0.043°C (88%)

CH₄0.004°C (7%)

N₂O0.002°C (5%)

683.6 Mt

Total GHG

All greenhouse gases

8.1

tCO₂e/capita

Total GHG per person

3rd

Global rank

Largest deceleration

Methane & Nitrous Oxide

Source: Our World in Data

Methane (left axis)Nitrous Oxide (right axis)

Climate Vulnerability & Resilience

How prepared is Germany?

Readiness & Vulnerability

Germany ranks 4th in climate readiness (score: 0.682). Vulnerability stands at 0.301 — indicating relatively stronger resilience.

medium risk. 독일은 에너지전환(Energiewende) 정책을 선도하는 EU의 핵심 기후 행동 국가입니다. 2023년 재생에너지 전력 비중이 54.4%에 도달했으며, 전력 탄소 집약도는 2018년 454.6에서 2023년 365.0 gCO2/kWh로 크게 개선되었습니다. 1인당 GHG 배출량도 9.0에서 7.1 mt CO2eq로 감소하였고, 에너지 소비 효율도 꾸준히 향상되고 있습니다. ND-GAIN 취약성 지수 0.30은 낮은 편이며 준비도 0.68로 기후 적응 역량이 높습니다. 다만 탈탄소화 과제는 여전히 남아 있으며, 철강·화학·자동차 등 에너지 집약 산업의 구조 전환이 가장 큰 도전입니다. 탈원전 결정으로 인한 일시적 가스 의존도 증가와 에너지 안보 취약성도 주목됩니다. GDP 대비 탄소 집약도(0.184 → 0.129)와 탈동조화 지수의 지속적 개선은 독일이 경제 성장과 탄소 배출 분리를 성공적으로 달성하고 있음을 보여줍니다. Fossil fuel dependency (45.3%) remains a key driver.

Vulnerability vs Readiness

Source: ND-GAIN Country Index 2023

Key Vulnerabilities

▸에너지 집약 산업 구조의 탈탄소화 과제 (철강, 화학, 자동차)
▸극단적 열파 및 가뭄 빈도 증가 (2018, 2019, 2022년 기록적 열파)
▸탈원전 정책으로 인한 전력망 안정성 및 전환 리스크
▸삼림 병충해 및 산불 위험 증가 (기후변화로 가문비나무 고사)

Strengths

▸재생에너지 전력 비중 54.4%로 빠른 에너지전환 (Energiewende) 진행
▸1인당 에너지 사용량 지속 감소 (3,659 → 2,928 kg oil eq, 20% 절감)
▸높은 기후 적응 준비도 (ND-GAIN 준비도 0.68, 6개국 중 2위)

Key Takeaways

Germany at a glance

Emissions

CO₂/capita: 7.1t. Post-Paris trend: -3.75%/yr.

Diagnosis

Renewable: 53.3%

Fossil: 45.3%

Decoupling: +18.97.

Outlook

Vulnerability: 0.301. Readiness: 0.682. medium risk.

Data Sources

All data for Germany sourced from World Bank WDI, Ember, ND-GAIN, Our World in Data, and Climate TRACE (2000-2023).

Compare with other countries

View detailed source list

WDIWorld Bank World Development Indicators -- CO₂/capita (EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5), GDP/capita, forest area, energy use, PM2.5

EmberEmber Global Electricity Review -- Renewable %, fossil %, carbon intensity (gCO₂/kWh)

ND-GAINNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative -- Vulnerability index, readiness index

OWIDOur World in Data -- Consumption CO₂, fuel breakdown, cumulative CO₂, temperature contribution, methane, N₂O, total GHG

CTRACEClimate TRACE v7 -- Satellite-based sector emissions (power, transport, manufacturing, agriculture, etc.)

View all countries

Data Sources

Derived Indicators — Methodology

Carbon Intensity of GDP (DERIVED.CO2_PER_GDP)

CO₂_per_capita ÷ GDP_per_capita × 1,000

Unit: tCO₂ per $1,000 GDP. Lower = cleaner economy. 2023 range: DEU 0.13 → KOR 0.32.

Decoupling Index (DERIVED.DECOUPLING)

GDP_growth_rate(%) − CO₂_growth_rate(%)

Unit: percentage points. Positive = economy growing faster than emissions.

Energy Transition Momentum (DERIVED.ENERGY_TRANSITION)

RENEWABLE_PCT(t) − RENEWABLE_PCT(t−5)

Unit: pp over 5 years. 2023: DEU +19.2pp, BRA +6.6pp, USA +5.2pp, KOR +4.9pp.

Emissions (5)

Indicator	Source	Years
Carbon intensity of GDP	Derived: EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 / NY.GDP.PCAP.CD * 1000	2000–2023
Emissions intensity	derived	2000–2023
CO2 per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
Decoupling index	Derived: GDP growth% - CO2 growth%	2001–2023
Total GHG (absolute)	Climate TRACE	2015–2023

Energy (5)

Indicator	Source	Years
Fossil electricity %	Ember/OWID	2000–2023
Carbon intensity	Ember/OWID	2000–2022
Renewable electricity %	Ember/OWID	2000–2023
Energy use per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
Energy transition momentum	Derived: EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t) - EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t-5)	2005–2022

Economy (1)

Indicator	Source	Years
GDP per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023

Climate Risk (4)

Indicator	Source	Years
ND-GAIN Vulnerability	ND-GAIN	2000–2022
Forest area	World Bank WDI	2000–2022
PM2.5 air pollution	World Bank WDI	2000–2020
ND-GAIN Readiness	ND-GAIN	2000–2023

Derived (29)

Indicator	Source	Years
OWID.OIL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CEMENT_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_GDP	OWID CO2	2000–2022
SP.POP.TOTL	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.GHG_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.GAS_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_N2O	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.METHANE_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.FLARING_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_GDP	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.METHANE	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CH4	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_INCLUDING_LUC	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CUMULATIVE_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_GHG	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG_EXCLUDING_LUCF	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CUMULATIVE_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.COAL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
DERIVED.CLIMATE_CLASS	VisualClimate derived	2023–2023

Compare with other countries Explore all countries