Nigeria

Western AfricaLower middle income223.8M

CO\u2082 per capita

0.6t CO\u2082e

World Bank WDI (2023)

GDP

$479B($2.1k/capita)

World Bank (2023)

Renewable electricity

22.9%

↑ +1.7pp (5yr)

Ember (2023)

Vulnerability

0.482ND-GAIN index

ND-GAIN (2022)

CO₂ at 0.6t per capita — low by global standards
Renewable electricity at 22.9%, up 1.7pp over 5 years
Climate vulnerability: high risk (ND-GAIN 0.482)

Nigeria

CO₂ per capita, 2023

CO₂/capita0.6t

Renewable22.9%

Decoupling-21.74

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Emissions Trajectory

Emissions are shifting. But is it enough?

Pre-Paris (2000-2014)

Nigeria's emissions grew at -1.30%/yr. The long-term CAGR (2000-2023) was -1.56%/yr.

Post-Paris, the rate shifted to -1.46%/yr — a -0.44pp shift. Per capita emissions reached 0.6t in 2023.

Nigeria — CO₂ per capita (2000-2023)

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID Consumption

Production-basedConsumption-based

Post-Paris Shift

This ranks 5th largest deceleration among tracked countries. Overall change since 2000: -30.3%.

Pre-Paris vs Post-Paris CAGR

Key Comparison

Loading comparison data…

Source: World Bank WDI

World Bank vs Climate TRACE

CO₂ per capita comparison

World Bank (WDI)Climate TRACE

Source: World Bank WDI vs Climate TRACE v7

Fossil Fuel Mix

Fossil fuels still make up 77.1% of the electricity mix. In 2023, Oil was the dominant source at 66.3 Mt CO₂.

Fossil CO₂ by Fuel Type

Source: Our World in Data

CoalOilGasCementFlaring

Energy Transition

The energy transition is underway.

Renewables Progress

22.9% of electricity comes from renewables. That is +1.7pp over 5 years. Fossil fuels still make up 77.1%.

Carbon intensity: 497 gCO₂/kWh. Renewable transition ranks 5th.

Electricity Generation Mix (2023)

Source: Ember Global Electricity Review (2023)

22.9%

Renewable Share

+1.7pp over 5yr

77.1%

Fossil Fuel Share

0.0%

Nuclear & Other

497

gCO₂/kWh

High-carbon

Economic Decoupling

Is GDP growth decoupled from emissions growth?

Decoupling Score

Score: -21.74. Nigeria shows moderate decoupling. GDP grew faster than emissions by +0.08pp/yr since 2015 (6th among tracked countries).

GDP vs CO₂ Growth

Indexed to 2000=100

Decoupling

GDP per capitaCO₂ per capitaCarbon Intensity of GDP

Source: World Bank WDI + OWID CO₂/GDP

4.6 Gt

Cumulative CO₂

Total since 1850

0.25%

Share of global

Cumulative share since 1850

0.017°C

Warming caused

by this country

Gas Breakdown

CO₂ dominates the warming contribution, followed by methane. N₂O contribution is relatively small. Total warming contribution: 0.017°C.

Temperature Contribution by Gas

Source: Our World in Data

CO₂0.006°C (37%)

CH₄0.010°C (59%)

N₂O0.001°C (4%)

389.9 Mt

Total GHG

All greenhouse gases

1.7

tCO₂e/capita

Total GHG per person

5th

Global rank

Largest deceleration

Methane & Nitrous Oxide

Source: Our World in Data

Methane (left axis)Nitrous Oxide (right axis)

Climate Vulnerability & Resilience

How prepared is Nigeria?

Readiness & Vulnerability

Nigeria ranks 20th in climate readiness (score: 0.253). Vulnerability stands at 0.481 — reflecting significant climate exposure.

high risk. 나이지리아는 아프리카 최대 경제국으로, 석유 자원 의존도와 높은 기후 취약성이 동시에 존재하는 복잡한 상황에 처해 있습니다. ND-GAIN 취약성 지수 0.48은 방글라데시 다음으로 높으며, 사헬 지역의 사막화와 남부 삼각주 지역의 홍수가 동시에 위협하는 이중 리스크 구조를 가지고 있습니다. 대기오염(PM2.5 56.5 µg/m³)은 WHO 기준의 11배를 초과하며, 도시화 및 발전소 연료 연소가 주요 원인입니다. 기후 적응 준비도(0.25)는 6개국 중 최하위로, 제도적·재정적 대응 역량이 매우 부족합니다. 1인당 탄소 배출량(0.55 mt)은 낮지만 이는 에너지 빈곤의 반영이며, 개발 필요와 기후 목표의 균형이 핵심 과제입니다. 탈동조화 지수가 음수(−21.7)로 나타나 최근 경제 충격과 에너지 불안정이 지표를 왜곡하고 있습니다. 에너지 접근성 확대와 재생에너지 전환을 동시에 추진하는 정의로운 전환 전략이 필요합니다. Fossil fuel dependency (77.1%) remains a key driver.

Vulnerability vs Readiness

Source: ND-GAIN Country Index 2023

Key Vulnerabilities

▸높은 기후 취약성 (ND-GAIN 취약성 0.48, 사헬 지역 사막화·홍수 이중 위험)
▸대기오염 극심 (PM2.5 56.5 µg/m³, WHO 기준 11배 초과)
▸낮은 기후 적응 준비도 (ND-GAIN 준비도 0.25, 방글라데시보다 낮음)
▸석유 의존 경제 구조의 탈탄소화 전환 리스크
▸삼림 벌채 지속 (24.1% → 23.2%, 0.9%p 감소)

Strengths

▸재생에너지(수력) 비중 22.9%로 상대적으로 높은 편
▸1인당 CO2 배출량 매우 낮음 (0.55 mt, 6개국 중 최저)
▸GDP 대비 탄소 집약도 개선 (0.288 → 0.258)

Key Takeaways

Nigeria at a glance

Emissions

CO₂/capita: 0.6t. Post-Paris trend: -1.46%/yr.

Diagnosis

Renewable: 22.9%

Fossil: 77.1%

Decoupling: -21.74.

Outlook

Vulnerability: 0.481. Readiness: 0.253. high risk.

Data Sources

All data for Nigeria sourced from World Bank WDI, Ember, ND-GAIN, Our World in Data, and Climate TRACE (2000-2023).

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WDIWorld Bank World Development Indicators -- CO₂/capita (EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5), GDP/capita, forest area, energy use, PM2.5

EmberEmber Global Electricity Review -- Renewable %, fossil %, carbon intensity (gCO₂/kWh)

ND-GAINNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative -- Vulnerability index, readiness index

OWIDOur World in Data -- Consumption CO₂, fuel breakdown, cumulative CO₂, temperature contribution, methane, N₂O, total GHG

CTRACEClimate TRACE v7 -- Satellite-based sector emissions (power, transport, manufacturing, agriculture, etc.)

View all countries

Data Sources

Derived Indicators — Methodology

Carbon Intensity of GDP (DERIVED.CO2_PER_GDP)

CO₂_per_capita ÷ GDP_per_capita × 1,000

Unit: tCO₂ per $1,000 GDP. Lower = cleaner economy. 2023 range: DEU 0.13 → KOR 0.32.

Decoupling Index (DERIVED.DECOUPLING)

GDP_growth_rate(%) − CO₂_growth_rate(%)

Unit: percentage points. Positive = economy growing faster than emissions.

Energy Transition Momentum (DERIVED.ENERGY_TRANSITION)

RENEWABLE_PCT(t) − RENEWABLE_PCT(t−5)

Unit: pp over 5 years. 2023: DEU +19.2pp, BRA +6.6pp, USA +5.2pp, KOR +4.9pp.

Emissions (5)

Indicator	Source	Years
Carbon intensity of GDP	Derived: EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 / NY.GDP.PCAP.CD * 1000	2000–2023
Emissions intensity	derived	2000–2023
CO2 per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
Decoupling index	Derived: GDP growth% - CO2 growth%	2001–2023
Total GHG (absolute)	Climate TRACE	2015–2023

Energy (5)

Indicator	Source	Years
Fossil electricity %	Ember/OWID	2000–2023
Carbon intensity	Ember/OWID	2000–2022
Renewable electricity %	Ember/OWID	2000–2023
Energy use per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2022
Energy transition momentum	Derived: EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t) - EMBER.RENEWABLE.PCT(t-5)	2005–2022

Economy (1)

Indicator	Source	Years
GDP per capita	World Bank WDI	2000–2023

Climate Risk (4)

Indicator	Source	Years
ND-GAIN Vulnerability	ND-GAIN	2000–2022
Forest area	World Bank WDI	2000–2022
PM2.5 air pollution	World Bank WDI	2000–2020
ND-GAIN Readiness	ND-GAIN	2000–2023

Derived (29)

Indicator	Source	Years
OWID.OIL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CEMENT_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.NITROUS_OXIDE_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.ENERGY_PER_GDP	OWID CO2	2000–2022
SP.POP.TOTL	World Bank WDI	2000–2023
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.GHG_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.GAS_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_N2O	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.METHANE_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.CONSUMPTION_CO2_PER_CAPITA	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.FLARING_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_PER_GDP	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.METHANE	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_CH4	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CO2_INCLUDING_LUC	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.CUMULATIVE_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_FROM_GHG	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.TOTAL_GHG_EXCLUDING_LUCF	OWID CO2	2000–2022
OWID.SHARE_GLOBAL_CUMULATIVE_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
OWID.COAL_CO2	OWID CO2	2000–2023
DERIVED.CLIMATE_CLASS	VisualClimate derived	2023–2023

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